The State Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management was established through the integration and reorganization of the State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management, the CAS Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, and the CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology. Approved for preparatory establishment by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in 2023, it received official endorsement from the Ministry of Science and Technology and was incorporated into the list of state key laboratories in 2024.

The Laboratory addresses the urgent national needs for animal diversity conservation and pest control in the context of food security and ecological security. It focuses on three major research directions: "Trends in Animal Diversity Changes," "Animal Ecology, Behavior, and Conservation," and "Precision Control of Pest Animals." The Laboratory is dedicated to uncovering mechanisms underlying the formation, maintenance, and loss of animal diversity, as well as patterns of pest outbreaks and alien species invasion. It aims to develop precision regulation technologies for animal populations, including molecular manipulation, behavioral intervention, intelligent monitoring, and smart conservation. The Laboratory seeks to establish a leading position in the precise regulation of animal populations and ecological sustainability by advancing major theories and core technologies, thus providing China’s solutions for animal diversity conservation and pest control.

The Laboratory currently has 54 academic leaders, including 2 Academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 14 recipients of the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars, and 4 Leading Talents from the National High-Level Talent Special Support Programs (10,000 Talents Program). Over the past five years, it has undertaken 13 National Key Research and Development Program of China, 8 National Science and Technology Basic Resources Survey Special Project, and 1 Basic Science Center Program, 1 Creative Research Group Program, 2 Major Programs, and 15 Key Programs from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), and 6 National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars, among other major national and ministerial research tasks.

The Laboratory has demonstrated outstanding disciplinary advantages, with its achievements recognized as part of Top Ten Scientific Advances in China, Top Ten Research Advances in Life Sciences in China, the National "13th Five-Year" Scientific and Technological Innovation Achievements Exhibition, the CAS Iconic Achievements of 40 Years of Reform and Opening-Up, the CAS Iconic Major Advances during the "12th Five-Year" and "13th Five-Year" periods, and the Second Prize of the State Natural Science Award. The Laboratory has published a series of research papers in top-tier international journals such as Nature, Cell, and Science.